{"title":"Home page","description":null,"products":[{"product_id":"aod9604","title":"AOD9604","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAOD 9604 is a modified peptide initially developed as an offshoot in obesity research. It modifies the peptide \u003c\/span\u003eFragment 176-191\u003cspan\u003e of the growth hormone hGH by adding a tyrosine residue to the N-terminus. The proposed mode of action of AOD 9604 has been suggested by researchers to be restricted to promoting lipolysis, thus linking the synthetic compound to obesity research.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e[1]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003cspan\u003e The peptide does not appear to affect levels of insulin or IGF1 in studies thus far; therefore, it does not appear to trigger diabetes development or induce glucose intolerance in test models, though further studies are necessary to explore this aspect.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e[2]\u003c\/sup\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSpecifications\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"grey-back\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOther Known Titles:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eAOD-9604\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Formula:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eC\u003csub\u003e78\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e123\u003c\/sub\u003eN\u003csub\u003e23\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e23\u003c\/sub\u003eS\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"grey-back\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecular Weight:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e1815.1 g\/mol\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"white-back\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequence:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eTyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store 3","offers":[{"title":"5MG","offer_id":47897098748122,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0824\/4615\/5994\/files\/AOD-9604-5mg-2-1-460x596.webp?v=1779174587"},{"product_id":"aod9604-1","title":"AOD9604-1","description":"","brand":"My Store 3","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47895124148442,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0824\/4615\/5994\/files\/AOD-9604-5mg-2-1-460x596.webp?v=1779174587"},{"product_id":"aod9604-2","title":"AOD9604-2","description":"","brand":"My Store 3","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47895124181210,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0824\/4615\/5994\/files\/AOD-9604-5mg-2-1-460x596.webp?v=1779174587"},{"product_id":"aod9604-3","title":"AOD9604-3","description":"","brand":"My Store 3","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47895124279514,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0824\/4615\/5994\/files\/AOD-9604-5mg-2-1-460x596.webp?v=1779174587"},{"product_id":"aod9604-4","title":"AOD9604-4","description":"","brand":"My Store 3","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47895124345050,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0824\/4615\/5994\/files\/AOD-9604-5mg-2-1-460x596.webp?v=1779174587"},{"product_id":"aod9604-5","title":"GHK-Cu (100mg vials)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGHK-Cu Kit\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndependently Certified USP\u0026lt;85\u0026gt; Endotoxin Safe\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eSave over 80%!\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 119.656px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4167px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 31.5421%; height: 46.4167px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eCost per milligram\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.9907%; height: 46.4167px;\"\u003e \n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e$0.45 – $0.75\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.8229px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 31.5421%; height: 26.8229px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003ePurity\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.9907%; height: 26.8229px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e99.93%\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.8229px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 31.5421%; height: 26.8229px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eCertified Endotoxin-safe\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.9907%; height: 26.8229px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 31.5421%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eIndependently Tested\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.9907%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJP MOLECULAR LABS Id\u003c\/strong\u003e: WF03\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBatch Id\u003c\/strong\u003e: CU202604\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eResearch Studies\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch6\u003e(for educational purposes only)\u003c\/h6\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"MdHeading3\"\u003eStudy 1: Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdStrong\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eLoren Pickart, Anna Margolina\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdStrong\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/19\/7\/1987\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdLink\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/19\/7\/1987\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MdHeading4\"\u003eScientific Findings\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003eThis review summarizes the multifaceted biological effects of GHK-Cu, focusing on its regenerative and protective actions. It details the peptide’s role in stimulating blood vessel and nerve outgrowth, increasing the synthesis of collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans, and supporting dermal fibroblast function. The paper highlights GHK-Cu’s ability to modulate gene expression, affecting a large number of genes related to tissue repair, anti-cancer activity, anti-inflammatory actions, and DNA repair. The authors propose that GHK-Cu’s diverse effects are attributable to its ability to reset the human genome to a healthier state.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MdHeading4\"\u003ePlain English Interpretation\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003eThe GHK-Cu peptide is a small, naturally occurring molecule in our bodies that has a wide range of positive health effects. This paper reviews how GHK-Cu helps to repair and protect our tissues, particularly the skin. It works by stimulating the growth of blood vessels and nerves, boosting the production of important structural proteins like collagen and elastin, and supporting the cells that build our skin’s framework. The paper also explains that GHK-Cu can influence thousands of our genes, turning on genes that are good for us and turning off those that are bad. This helps to fight inflammation, protect against cancer, and even repair our DNA, making GHK-Cu a powerful ingredient for skin and hair care products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"MdHeading3\"\u003eStudy 2: Synergy of GHK-Cu and hyaluronic acid on collagen IV upregulation via fibroblast and ex-vivo skin tests\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdStrong\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eFangru Jiang, Yanan Wu, Zhe Liu, Minhua Hong, Yi Huang\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdStrong\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.15763\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdLink\"\u003ehttps:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jocd.15763\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MdHeading4\"\u003eScientific Findings\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003eThis study investigated the synergistic effects of GHK-Cu and hyaluronic acid (HA) on collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts and ex-vivo skin models. The researchers found that the combination of GHK-Cu and HA, particularly low molecular weight HA (LMW HA), significantly upregulated the expression of collagen I, IV, and VII. The most potent synergistic effect was observed on collagen IV, with a 25.4-fold increase in cell tests and a 2.03-fold increase in ex-vivo skin tests at a 1:9 ratio of GHK-Cu to LMW HA. The findings suggest that combining GHK-Cu and HA can enhance dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) health by stimulating collagen IV synthesis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MdHeading4\"\u003ePlain English Interpretation\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003eThis study looked at what happens when you combine two popular skincare ingredients: GHK-Cu and hyaluronic acid (HA). The researchers found that when used together, these two ingredients work as a team to boost the production of collagen, a protein that keeps our skin firm and youthful. They discovered that the combination was especially good at increasing the amount of a specific type of collagen called collagen IV, which is crucial for the connection between the top two layers of our skin. This means that using GHK-Cu and HA together in skincare products could be a great way to improve skin health and fight the signs of aging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"MdHeading3\"\u003eStudy 3: GHK-Cu may Prevent Oxidative Stress in Skin by Regulating Copper and Modifying Expression of Numerous Antioxidant Genes\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdStrong\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eLoren Pickart, Jessica Michelle Vasquez-Soltero, Anna Margolina\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdStrong\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9284\/2\/3\/236\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdLink\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-9284\/2\/3\/236\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MdHeading4\"\u003eScientific Findings\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003eThis paper explores the antioxidant properties of GHK-Cu and its role in preventing oxidative stress in the skin. The study highlights GHK-Cu’s ability to inhibit the formation of reactive carbonyl species (RCS), detoxify toxic products of lipid peroxidation, and protect keratinocytes from UVB radiation. Furthermore, the paper delves into the genetic basis of these effects, revealing that GHK-Cu modulates the expression of numerous antioxidant genes. The authors conclude that GHK-Cu’s antioxidant actions are multifaceted, involving both direct detoxification of harmful molecules and indirect regulation of the skin’s own antioxidant defense systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MdHeading4\"\u003ePlain English Interpretation\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003eThis paper explains how GHK-Cu acts as an antioxidant to protect our skin from damage. It works in two main ways. First, it directly neutralizes harmful molecules that are created when our skin is exposed to things like sunlight. Second, it helps our skin to protect itself by influencing our genes. The paper shows that GHK-Cu can turn on genes that produce our body’s own natural antioxidants. This two-pronged approach makes GHK-Cu a powerful ingredient for protecting our skin from the damaging effects of the environment and aging.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store 3","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47895124639962,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0824\/4615\/5994\/files\/JPMolecularLabsGHK-CuCopperPeptidevialforresearch.png?v=1779277885"},{"product_id":"aod9604-6","title":"DSIP (5mg vials)","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong data-imt-p=\"1\" data-imt_insert_failed_reason=\"same_text\"\u003eDSIP\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eDelta-sleep-inducing peptide\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eSave over 40%!\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 124.792px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.8229px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 31.5421%; height: 26.8229px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5 data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eCost per milligram\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.9907%; height: 26.8229px;\"\u003e \n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003e$6.10 – $7.50\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 31.5421%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5 data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eMulti-vial Purity\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.9907%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e99.81%\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 31.5421%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5 data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eEndotoxin Screening\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.9907%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePASSED\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 31.5421%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5 data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eHeavy Metals Screening\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.9907%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePASSED\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 31.5421%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5 data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eSterility Screening\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.9907%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePASSED\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 31.5421%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5 data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eIndependently Tested\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 67.9907%; height: 19.5938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYES\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJP MOLECULAR LABS Id\u003c\/strong\u003e: WF03\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBatch Id\u003c\/strong\u003e:  DS202605\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3 data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eResearch Studies\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch6 data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003e(for research purposes only)\u003c\/h6\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"MdHeading3\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eStudy 1: Induction of pituitary cell type differentiation by delta sleep-inducing peptide\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdStrong\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eA G Héritier, O Stettler, P M Dubois\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdStrong\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8022523\/\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdLink\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/8022523\/\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MdHeading4\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eScientific Findings\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eThe effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) on pituitary cell differentiation was studied using an in vitro method and immunocytochemical techniques. Pituitary primordia were explanted from 11-day-old rat fetuses and cultured in a synthetic medium enriched with either DSIP at several concentrations, GnRH (10(-9) M) or TRH (10(-9) M). Expression of different pituitary phenotypes was quantified as the percentage of immunoreactive area per section of cultured primordia. Addition of DSIP during the first day of culture induced differentiation of LH and TSH cells only. The effect was dose-dependent. DSIP was less potent than GnRH and as potent as TRH in inducing LH and TSH differentiation. DSIP also induced lactotrope differentiation, but this effect may not be direct. DSIP had no effect on somatotrope and corticotrope differentiation. These results obtained in vitro suggest that DSIP exerts a direct action on the differentiation of several pituitary precursor cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MdHeading4\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003ePlain English Interpretation\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eIn a laboratory setting, researchers investigated how a substance called delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) affects the development of different cell types in the pituitary gland. They took pituitary glands from rat embryos and grew them in a nutrient-rich liquid, adding DSIP at various concentrations. They found that DSIP specifically triggered the development of cells that produce luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The more DSIP they added, the greater the effect. While DSIP also seemed to encourage the growth of prolactin-producing cells, this might not be a direct result of DSIP’s action. The study concluded that DSIP directly influences the development of certain types of pituitary cells, suggesting it plays a role in the gland’s formation and function.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"MdHeading3\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eStudy 2: In-vitro characterization of blood-brain barrier permeability to delta sleep-inducing peptide\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdStrong\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eS Raeissi, K L Audus\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdStrong\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2576448\/\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdLink\"\u003ehttps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/2576448\/\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MdHeading4\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eScientific Findings\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eThe diffusion of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has been investigated with an in-vitro model comprised of primary cultures of brain microvessel endothelial cell (BMEC) monolayers. The BMEC monolayers were mounted in a side-by-side diffusion apparatus and the transendothelial flux of DSIP analysed by HPLC with UV detection at 280 nm. The transendothelial flux of the peptide was linear with time and increasing concentrations of DSIP (non-saturable), but was not altered by reduced temperature. The apparent permeability coefficient for DSIP penetration of BMEC monolayers was in a range similar to water-soluble substances (e.g. fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate dextrans) that penetrate the blood-brain barrier to a limited degree based on molecular weight. DSIP flux across the BMEC monolayers was also found to be bidirectional, insensitive to metabolic inhibitors, and not altered by high concentrations of tryptophan. Little degradation (apparent t1\/2 about 10 h) of DSIP to major metabolites, tryptophan (trp) and des-trp DSIP, occurred over the time of the diffusion experiments. The results of these studies support and confirm observations in-vivo indicating that intact DSIP crosses the BBB by simple transmembrane diffusion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MdHeading4\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003ePlain English Interpretation\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eScientists created a model of the blood-brain barrier in a lab dish using cells from cow brains to study how a peptide called DSIP crosses it. They found that DSIP can pass through this barrier in both directions, and the amount that gets through increases with higher concentrations of the peptide. The speed at which DSIP crosses is similar to other water-soluble molecules and isn’t affected by temperature or other metabolic processes. The study also showed that DSIP remains largely intact as it crosses the barrier, with very little breaking down into other substances. These findings suggest that DSIP can cross the blood-brain barrier through a simple diffusion process, which helps explain how it can have effects on the brain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4 class=\"MdHeading3\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eStudy 3: Human pheochromocytoma cells studied in culture contain large amounts of DSIP-like material\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdStrong\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003eOla Nilsson, Bo Wängberg, Anneli Wigander, Kerstin Lundmark, Annica Dahlström, Håkan Ahlman, Anders Bjartell, Rolf Ekman\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdStrong\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/019697819190063U\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"MdLink\"\u003ehttps:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/019697819190063U\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MdHeading4\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eScientific Findings\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eDelta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)-like immunoreactive (LI) material has been detected in nine different human pheochromocytoma tumors by immunocytochemistry. In primary tumors subjected to indirect immunofluorescence a variable number of tumor cells (25–75%) showed positive cytoplasmic labeling after incubation with DSIP antiserum. Tumor cells grown in culture were strongly labeled by the DSIP antiserum with DSIP-LI concentrated to cell bodies. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry (immunogold labeling) of pheochromocytoma cells demonstrated DSIP-LI over the dense core of secretory granules. The presence of DSIP-LI in several HPLC fractions from conditioned culture media indicates secretion of DSIP-LI from cultured pheochromocytoma cells. The observations suggest that DSIP-LI is synthesized and stored in secretory granules before release. The different HPLC profiles from each of the tumors may reflect differences in processing or turnover of DSIP-LI in pheochromocytoma cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5 class=\"MdHeading4\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003ePlain English Interpretation\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"MdParagraph\" data-imt-p=\"1\"\u003eResearchers found a substance similar to delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in nine different tumors from human adrenal glands. Using special staining techniques, they saw that this DSIP-like material was present in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. When they grew these tumor cells in a lab dish, the cells were filled with this substance. With a powerful microscope, they could see that the DSIP-like material was stored in tiny sacs inside the cells called secretory granules. They also found that the cells released this substance into the liquid they were growing in. This suggests that the tumor cells make and store this DSIP-like substance before releasing it. The researchers also noticed that the exact form of the substance varied between different tumors, which might mean that it’s processed differently in each case.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"My Store 3","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47895124705498,"sku":null,"price":100.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0824\/4615\/5994\/files\/JPMolecularLabsDSIPDeltaSleepInducingPeptidevial.png?v=1779277481"}],"url":"https:\/\/zzpeptide.com\/collections\/frontpage.oembed","provider":"My Store 3","version":"1.0","type":"link"}