{"product_id":"thymosin-alpha-1-10mg-vials","title":"Thymosin Alpha-1 (TA1, 10mg vials)","description":"\u003ch1\u003eJP Lab Thymosin Alpha 1 (TA-1)\u003c\/h1\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResearch Grade Peptide | 99.95% Purity | Independently Tested | Endotoxin-Safe Certified\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003ePurity:\u003c\/strong\u003e 99.95%\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eCost Per Milligram:\u003c\/strong\u003e $3.70 – $4.90\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eEndotoxin-Safe Certified:\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIndependently Tested:\u003c\/strong\u003e Yes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBatch ID:\u003c\/strong\u003e TA202602\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat Is Thymosin Alpha 1 (TA-1)?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\nThymosin Alpha 1 (TA-1) is a naturally occurring peptide originally isolated from the thymus gland and widely studied for its role in immune system regulation. Researchers have investigated TA-1 in various areas including immune response modulation, inflammatory signaling pathways, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and cellular defense mechanisms.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\nDue to its unique biological activity, TA-1 has become one of the most extensively researched immune-support peptides in scientific literature. Ongoing studies continue to explore its effects on immune homeostasis, T-cell function, cytokine signaling, and host defense responses.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Overview\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eImmune Homeostasis and Cytokine Regulation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\nA study published in \u003cem\u003eOpen Forum Infectious Diseases\u003c\/em\u003e investigated the effects of Thymosin Alpha 1 on blood cells collected from patients experiencing severe inflammatory immune responses. Researchers observed modulation of immune signaling pathways associated with T-cell activity and cytokine production.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\nThe findings suggest that TA-1 may contribute to maintaining immune balance by supporting normal immune cell communication and regulating inflammatory signaling mechanisms.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eMacrophage Function and Innate Immune Activity\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\nResearch published in the \u003cem\u003eJournal of Innate Immunity\u003c\/em\u003e demonstrated that TA-1 enhanced macrophage phagocytic activity in laboratory models. Treated macrophages showed increased uptake and clearance of microbial particles while maintaining controlled inflammatory responses.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\nThese observations support ongoing research into TA-1 as a potential immune-modulating peptide that promotes efficient immune function without excessive inflammatory activation.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eImmune Regulation During Severe Systemic Inflammation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\nA systematic review and meta-analysis published in \u003cem\u003eFrontiers in Immunology\u003c\/em\u003e analyzed data from multiple clinical studies involving patients with severe inflammatory conditions. Researchers reported improvements in immune cell balance and reductions in markers associated with systemic inflammation.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\nThe growing body of evidence continues to support scientific interest in TA-1 as a peptide involved in immune regulation and physiological recovery processes.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Research Areas\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmune System Regulation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eT-Cell Function Research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCytokine Signaling Pathways\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInnate and Adaptive Immunity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInflammatory Response Modulation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHost Defense Mechanisms\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCellular Communication Studies\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmune Homeostasis Research\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eWhy Choose JP Lab TA-1?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e99.95% Verified Purity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThird-Party Analytical Testing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEndotoxin-Safe Manufacturing Standards\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBatch-Specific Quality Control\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eResearch-Grade Consistency\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComprehensive Documentation Available\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTrusted by Researchers Worldwide\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eProduct Specifications\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProduct Name\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThymosin Alpha 1 (TA-1)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurity\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e99.95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTesting\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIndependently Verified\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEndotoxin Status\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCertified Endotoxin-Safe\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBatch ID\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTA202602\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eFrequently Asked Questions\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat is TA-1 used for in research?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\nTA-1 is commonly studied for its role in immune regulation, cytokine signaling, T-cell activity, inflammatory pathways, and host defense mechanisms.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eWhat purity level does JP Lab provide?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\nJP Lab TA-1 is manufactured and tested to a verified purity of 99.95%.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eIs every batch independently tested?\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\nYes. Every production batch undergoes analytical verification and quality control testing to ensure consistency and reliability.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch Use Only\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\nThis product is intended strictly for laboratory research purposes. It is not intended for human consumption, veterinary use, diagnosis, treatment, cure, or prevention of any disease. All information presented on this page is provided solely for educational and scientific reference purposes.\n\u003c\/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eTA-1\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eCost per milligram\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e$3.70 – $4.90\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003ePurity\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e99.95%\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eCertified Endotoxin-safe\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003eIndependently Tested\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYes\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBatch Id\u003c\/strong\u003e: TA202602\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eResearch Studies\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003ch6\u003e(for educational purposes only)\u003c\/h6\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThymosin Alpha 1 Mitigates Cytokine Storm in Blood Cells From Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTitle:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Thymosin Alpha 1 Mitigates Cytokine Storm in Blood Cells From Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthors:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Claudia Matteucci, Antonella Minutolo, Emanuela Balestrieri, Vita Petrone, Marialaura Fanelli, Vincenzo Malagnino, Marco Ianetta, Alessandro Giovinazzo, Filippo Barreca, Silvia Di Cesare, Patrizia De Marco, Martino Tony Miele, Nicola Toschi, Antonio Mastino, Paola Sinibaldi Vallebona, Sergio Bernardini, Paola Rogliani, Loredana Sarmati, Massimo Andreoni, Sandro Grelli, Enrico Garaci\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eURL:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7798699\/\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7798699\/\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 8, Issue 1, January 2021, ofaa588\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBlood cells from patients with COVID-19 were analyzed to evaluate the biological processes regulated by thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) under inflammatory conditions using ex vivo treatment and enrichment pathway analysis. Genes associated with cytokine signaling and production were found to be significantly upregulated in blood cells from COVID-19 patients, consistent with the characteristic cytokine storm observed in severe disease. Ex vivo treatment with Tα1 mitigated cytokine gene expression and specifically inhibited lymphocyte activation in a CD8+ T-cell subset. The study demonstrated that Tα1 interacts with Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, including TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9, activating downstream IRF3 and NF-κB signaling to modulate immune cell activity. Tα1 was shown to restore homeostasis of the immune system by reversing T-cell exhaust\u003cbr\u003ehtmlion, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression including interleukin-6 (IL-6), and modulating CD38 expression on CD8+ T cells in a manner dependent on disease severity. The findings support the potential role of Tα1 in controlling immune dysregulation and cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePlain English Explanation\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis research examined how TA-1, a peptide derived from the thymus gland, affects immune cells taken directly from COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 can trigger what’s called a cytokine storm — an out-of-control inflammatory response where immune cells flood the body with signaling chemicals that cause severe tissue damage. The researchers found that when they treated these patient blood cells with TA-1 in the laboratory, the peptide significantly dialed down the overactive immune response, particularly in a type of immune cell called CD8+ T cells. TA-1 essentially helped the immune system find its balance again rather than going into overdrive. These findings help explain why TA-1 has been used clinically to manage COVID-19 in several countries and suggest it works by targeting the key signaling pathways that drive dangerous immune overactivation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThymosin α1 Activates Complement Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTitle:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Thymosin α1 Activates Complement Receptor-Mediated Phagocytosis in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthors:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Annalucia Serafino, Fabrizio Pica, Francesca Andreola, Roberta Gaziano, Nadia Moroni, Gianluca Moroni, Manuela Zonfrillo, Pasquale Pierimarchi, Paola Sinibaldi-Vallebona, Enrico Garaci\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eURL:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6741600\/\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6741600\/\u0026lt;\/spa htmln\u0026gt;\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Journal of Innate Immunity, 2014; 6(1):72–88\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHuman monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were exposed to Tα1 in vitro to investigate its effects on innate immune cell activation and pathogen clearance. Tα1-treated MDMs assumed an activated morphology comparable to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cells but demonstrated a significantly greater ability to internalize fluorescent beads and zymosan particles. Tα1 exposure stimulated MDM phagocytosis and killing of Aspergillus niger conidia in a dose-dependent manner, with effects observable as early as 30 minutes after challenge. The enhanced phagocytic activity occurred through a complement receptor-mediated mechanism, requiring intact microtubule network integrity and protein kinase C activity, with recruitment of vinculin and actin at the phagosome. Crucially, this heightened phagocytic response was coupled with low transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), indicating that Tα1 boosts pathogen clearance without triggering excessive inflammation. The findings demonstrate that Tα1 acts as a potent and early activator of innate immunity while maintaining an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePlain English Explanation\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis study looked at how TA-1 affects macrophages — the immune system’s front-line “cleanup crew” responsible for swallowing and destroying pathogens and cellular debris. The researchers found that treating macrophages with TA-1 dramatically increased their ability to engulf and kill fungal particles, with the effect kicking in within just 30 minutes. What makes this particularly notable is that TA-1 accomplished this without triggering the inflammatory chemical signals that normally accompany immune activation — the macrophages became more effective killers while\u003cbr\u003ehtml simultaneously keeping inflammation low. This dual effect (better pathogen clearance + reduced inflammatory signaling) could explain why TA-1 is considered a balancing or “smart” immune modulator rather than a blunt immune stimulant, making it valuable for situations where immune function needs to be enhanced without causing collateral inflammatory damage.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThymosin Alpha 1 Alleviates Inflammation and Prevents Infection in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis Through Immune Regulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTitle:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Thymosin Alpha 1 Alleviates Inflammation and Prevents Infection in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis Through Immune Regulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAuthors:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Ye Tian, Jie Yao, Yulong Ma, Pengfei Zhang, Xinyi Zhou, Wenlong Xie, Wei Tang\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eURL:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12208829\/\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ehttps:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC12208829\/\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePublished:\u003c\/b\u003e\u003cspan\u003e Frontiers in Immunology, May 28, 2025; doi: 10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1571456\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) through February 2025, identifying five randomized controlled trials comprising 706 patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Tα1 treatment significantly increased the percentage of CD4+ T cells (mean difference=4.53, 95% CI [3.02, 6.04], P\u0026lt;0.00001) and improved the CD4+\/CD8+ ratio (mean difference=0.42, 95% CI [0.26, 0.58], P\u0026lt;0.00001), indicating restoration of immune cell balance. Lower-dose Tα1 significantly reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (mean difference=−30.12 mg\/L, 95% CI [−35.75, −24.49], P\u0026lt;0.00001\u003cbr\u003ehtml), a key marker of systemic inflammation. Tα1 treatment reduced the overall incidence of extrapancreatic infections by 44% (RR=0.56, 95% CI [0.40, 0.78], P=0.0005), with significant reductions in both bloodstream (RR=0.60) and abdominal (RR=0.38) infections. Tα1 also significantly reduced APACHE II scores (mean difference=−1.52, 95% CI [−2.22, −0.83], P\u0026lt;0.0001), a standardized measure of illness severity. These results indicate that Tα1 can regulate immune cell balance, alleviate inflammatory burden, and reduce infectious complications in patients with severe systemic inflammation.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch5\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePlain English Explanation\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/h5\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThis study pooled data from five separate clinical trials involving 706 patients with severe acute pancreatitis — a life-threatening condition where the pancreas begins attacking itself and triggers a dangerous full-body inflammatory response. The researchers found that patients treated with TA-1 showed meaningful improvements across several measures: their immune cell ratios normalized (indicating better immune balance), their blood levels of C-reactive protein — a standard marker doctors use to measure inflammation — dropped significantly, and their risk of developing dangerous secondary infections fell by nearly half. Patients also scored lower on a standardized medical severity scale, suggesting their overall condition improved more than those who didn’t receive TA-1. This meta-analysis provides some of the strongest clinical evidence that TA-1 can modulate the immune system in real patients facing severe inflammatory conditions, not just in laboratory settings.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"JP MOLECULAR LABS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47937663107290,"sku":null,"price":80.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0824\/4615\/5994\/files\/Thymosin_Alpha-1_TA1_10mg_vials.png?v=1780109596","url":"https:\/\/zzpeptide.com\/products\/thymosin-alpha-1-10mg-vials","provider":"JP MOLECULAR LABS","version":"1.0","type":"link"}